ILMU NUTRISI UNGGAS (LANJUTAN-FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRIENT NEEDS)

ILMU NUTRISI UNGGAS (LANJUTAN-ENERGI)

ILMU NUTRISI UNGGAS (LANJUTAN-LIPID)

ILMU NUTRISI UNGGAS (LANJUTAN-FEED ADDITIVE)

ILMU NUTRISI UNGGAS (LANJUTAN-FEED PROCESSING)

ILMU NUTRISI UNGGAS (LANJUTAN-TOKSIK)

(RESEARCH PROPOSAL OF FOREIGN COOPERATION RESEARCH AND INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION)

BETWEEN FACULTY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ANDALAS, PADANG, INDONESIA AND DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, TEXAS, USA

Oleh:  Prof. Dr. Ir. Yose Rizal, M.Sc., Dr. Ir. Maria Endo Mahata, MS and Prof. Dr. Guoyao Wu

Oleh:  Prof. Dr. Ir. Yose Rizal, M.Sc dan Dr. Ir. Maria Endo Mahata, MS

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to study the bioconversion of the nutrient and HCN content of cassava leaves, which was fermented by using Aspergillus niger.  Cassava leaves were obtained from the variety of Basiorao, which were grown in Limau Manis, Padang.  This experiment was performed in 2 x 3 factorial in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates.  The first factor was the duration of boiling cassava leaves (15 and 45 minutes).  The second factor was the three doses of inoculums (3, 5 and 7% of the substrate).  Measured variables were dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose and HCN content of cassava leaves.

Results of experiment indicated that the increase in the duration of boiling decreased dry matter and HCN content of cassava leaves.  On the other hand, the increase in boiling duration amplified the crude fiber, NDF and ADF content.  The hemicellulose content was not affected by boiling duration.  Further more, the increase in the level of inoculums declined the dry matter, crude fiber and HCN content of the leaves.  The NDF, ADF and hemicellulose content of these leaves were not influenced by the dose of inoculums.  There was an interaction between duration of boiling and dose of inoculums on the crude protein content.   Increasing in the dose of inoculums at 15 minutes boiling duration augmented the crude protein content of cassava leaves.  However, when the duration of boiling was increased to 45 minutes, the augmentation in the crude protein content was not as high as at 15 minutes of boiling.  It means that the increase in boiling duration lowered the augmentation of crude protein content.  In conclusion, some of nutrient content and HCN of cassava leaves were influenced by duration of boiling and dose of inoculums.  The highest crude protein content was obtained from 15 minutes of boiling at the level of 7% inoculums.

Key words:  cassava leaves, fermentation, duration of boiling, dose of inoculums, nutrient content, HCN

¹ Teaching staff at the Faculty of Animal Sciences Andalas University, Padang 25164, INDONESIA.

² Student at the Faculty of Animal Sciences Andalas University, Padang 25164, INDONESIA.

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to determine the response of broilers to the substitution of palm kernel cake for soybean meal.   Eighty unsexed chicks of ten-day old were employed in this experiment.   These chicks were randomly assigned to five diets (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% palm kernel cake) as treatments.  This experiment used a randomized completely design with five treatments and four replicates.  Measured variables were feed consumption, average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat weight.  Results of experiment indicated that the substitution of palm kernel cake for soybean meal did not influence (P>0.05) feed consumption, average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat weight.  In conclusion, 10% of the palm kernel cake can replace 40% of soybean meal in the diet for broilers.

Keywords: broiler, palm kernel cake, soybean meal, average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass percentage

Abstract

An experimant was conducted to determine the nitrogen retention and protein efficiency ratio of broilers receiving bluebottle fly larvaes cultured in the mixture of broiler’s feces and sago waste (cultured product of bluebottle flies).  Eighty four-day-old broiler chicks were employed in this experiment and placed in 20 cages (4 chicks per cage).   The experiment was run in a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates.  Treatments were 5 diets (each of them containing 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% of  cultured product of bluebottle flies).  Twenty four of eighty chicks (after 5 weeks of age) were placed in metabolic cages for measuring the nitrogen retention.  Measured variables were nitrogen consumption, weight gain, nitrogen retention, and protein efficiency ratio.

Results of experiment indicated that diets affected nitrogen consumption very significantly (P<0.01), but they did not influence (P>0.05) nitrogen retention and weight gain.  Protein efficiency ratio was significantly affected (P<0.05) by diets.  The nitrogen consumption was increased by the increasing of bluebottle fly cultured product level in the diet, while the protein efficiency ratio was declined.  In conclusion, 2.5% cultured product of bluebottle flies in the diet was the best for broilers in this experiment.

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to study the alteration of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, and hemi-cellulose contents of rutin-isolated cassava leaves under Tricoderma viride fermentation.  Cassava leaves were obtained from the variety of Basiorao which were grown in Bukittinggi.  This experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates.  Treatments were five doses of inoculums Trichoderma viride (4, 5, 6, 7, and 8% of the substrate).  Measured variables were crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and hemi-cellulose contents of rutin-isolated cassava leaves.

Results of experiment indicated that crude fiber, NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents of rutin-isolated cassava leaves were highly influenced (P<0.01) by doses of inoculums Trichoderma viride.  The increase in the dose of inoculums declined crude fiber, NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents of these rutin-isolated cassava leaves.  Crude fiber content decresed at the dose of 6%, and cellulose content declined at the dose of 7%.  Meanwhile, the lowest NDF, ADF and hemicellulose content were obtained at the dose of 8%.   In conclusion, the dose up to 8% Trichoderma viride reduced the overall fiber contents of rutin-isolated cassava leaves.

Key-words: rutin-isolated cassava leaves, fermentation, Trichoderma viride , crude fiber, neutral detergent

fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose

1. APLIKOM BAB I

2. APLIKOM BAB II

3. APLIKOM BAB III-1

4. APLIKOM BAB III-2

5. APLIKOM BAB III-3

6. APLIKOM BAB IV

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of subtitution of Aspergillus niger-fermented cassava leaves for soybean meal in the diets on the performance of broilers.  Ninety six unsexed 3 day old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 24 pens (4 chicks/pen).  This experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% of Aspergillus niger-fermented cassava leaves in diets) and 4 replications.  Measured variables were feed consumption, average body weight gain, feed conversion, live weight, abdominal fat percentage and carcass percentage.

Results of experiment indicated that feed consumption, average body weight gain, live weight, abdominal fat percentage, and carcass percentage were highly affected (P<0.01) by levels of Aspergillus niger-fermented cassava leaves in diets.  Meanwhile, feed conversion was not influenced (P>0.05) by these treatments.  Increasing in the level of Aspergillus niger-fermented cassava leaves more than 9% in diets, reduced feed consumption, average body weight gain, live weight, abdominal fat percentage and carcass percentage of broilers.  In conclusion, Aspergillus niger-fermented cassava leaves can be included up to 9% in diets for broilers.

Key words:  fermented cassava leaves, Aspergillus niger, soybean meal, broiler, performance

¹Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Andalas, Padang 25163, Indonesia

²Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

Abstract–An experiment was conducted with 80 unsexed broilers of the Arbor Acress strain to determine the capability of a carrot and fruit juice wastes mixture (carrot, apple, manggo, avocado, orange, melon and Dutch egg plant) in the same proportion for replacing corn in broiler diet.  This study involved a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of juice wastes mixture in diets) and 4 replicates per treatment.  Diets were isonitrogenous (22% crude protein) and isocaloric (3000 kcal/kg diet).  Measured variables were feed consumption, average daily gain, feed conversion, as well as percentages of abdominal fat pad, carcass, digestive organs (liver, pancreas and gizzard), and heart.  Data were analyzed by analysis of variance for CRD.  Increasing juice wastes mixture levels in diets increased feed consumption (P<0.05) and average daily gain (P<0.01), while improving feed utilization efficiency (P<0.05). These treatments also affected (P<0.05) abdominal fat pad percentage but had no effect (P>0.05) on carcass, liver, pancreas, gizzard or heart percentages.  In conclusion, up to 20% of juice wastes mixture could be included for the broiler diet to effectively replace up to 40% corn in the diet.

Keywords: average daily gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, juice waste mixture